indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crafty; tricky; sly; sinister (look)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
prime minister; premier; chancellor
escaping from prison; jailbreak
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
trouble; burden; nuisance; care; dependence; support
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
how; in what way; by what means
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
(not) particularly; (not) especially; (not) specially; separately; apart; additionally
monitoring; watching; observation; surveillance; guarding; supervision
special; particular; extraordinary; exceptional; especial
severe; strict; hard (to do); difficult; intense (e.g. cold); harsh (weather)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to peep (through); to peek; to await (one's chance); to guess; to infer
thereabouts; vicinity; that area; that situation; those circumstances
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
detailed; full; minute; knowing very well; knowledgeable (about); well-acquainted (with)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
after school (at the end of the day)