art; technique; means; way; stratagem; artifice
shop; store; someone who sells (something) or works as (something); someone with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
floor; stage (for the narrator and the shamisen player); dining platform built across a river
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
cruel; merciless; atrocious; pitiful; tragic; horrible
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
dispersion; scattering; spreading out; diffusion
commodity; article of commerce; goods; stock; merchandise
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to step over or across; to overcome
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
a short while ago; a moment ago; just now; some time ago
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
double; twice (as much); times (as much); -fold; 1-nth; 1 to n
to swell up; to bulge; to swell (of a budget, population, etc.); to increase significantly; to balloon
spectators; onlookers; members of the audience
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to gather; to collect; to assemble
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
blackened; black-painted; black-lacquered; blackened thing
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to surround; to crowd around; to gather around; to encircle; to besiege
to see to it that ...; to make sure that ...; to try to ...; to make an effort to ...
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
to turn (towards); to face; to head to; to go towards; to allot; to allocate
innumerable; countless; numberless
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
endurance; patience; perseverance; self-control; self-restraint
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
body; physical system; (the) person
to curl oneself up; to squeeze oneself in; to be huddled
invisibly; secretly; privately
to hide; to conceal oneself; to disappear (behind); to be hidden (by); to live in seclusion; to retire (from the world)
while; during; while; although; all; both
lattice; latticework; lattice door; check(ed) pattern; plaid