to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
odour; odor; scent; aura; whiff; smacks of ...
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
direction; orientation; bearing; course (e.g. of action)
to hit; to expose; to apply (e.g. patch); to put on; to allot; to call on someone (e.g. in class); to guess (an answer)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
somehow or other; for some reason or another; without knowing why
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be found; to be discovered
easy; likely to ...; have a tendency to ...; easy to ...
(I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); (I) fancy (that)
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
unrelated; irrelevant; unconcerned; unconnected
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
to weigh on one's mind; to bother one; to be interested (in); to be curious (about); to feel like (doing); to feel inclined to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; (not) any
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
time; hour; period; class
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like