year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
May; fifth month of the lunar calendar
first 10 days of the month
thorny shrub; wild rose; briar; thorn; cusp
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
district; county; district (of 2-20 50-home neighbourhoods or townships, in the ritsuryo period)
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
reform; reformation; reorganization
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
while; even though; despite
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
to be oversensitive; to be nervous; to be overly concerned; to worry too much
arrowhead; target of a flying arrow; brunt (of an attack); the very moment (when); the point (of doing)
finally; at last; ultimately; in the end
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
what did you just say (to me)?; what's that?
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
should (be); bound (to be); nock (of a bow); nock (of an arrow); nock-shaped grip (between thumb and forefinger); wooden frame on the tip of the mast of a Japanese ship that prevents the hawser from falling out
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
after that; afterwards; thereafter
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
grasping; seizing; holding; commanding; having control over
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
thoroughly; completely; severely; harshly; (arch.) scattered; (arch.) disconnected
attention; notice; care; caution; advice; warning
to tell (somebody) to (do something)
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...