(period of) a year; during an era
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
party (gathering, celebration, etc.); party (group, political, etc.)
metal pins of climbing shoes; crampons; climbing irons
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
to avoid (physical contact with); to avoid (situation); to ward off; to avert; to put aside; to move out of the way
(following a verb) to be sure to; to do (something) so that ...; to make sure to; to try to
to pass (time); to spend; to overdo (esp. of one's alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); (arch.) to take care of; (arch.) to support
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
too much; excessively; too
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
sudden change; complete change
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
by no means; never!; something unexpected; emergency; (arch.) currently; (arch.) for the time being
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to refuse; to reject; to inform; to give notice; to ask leave; to excuse oneself (from)
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
family; members of a family
with the exception of; excepting; excluding
man; male; masculine gender
to request; to beg; to call; to order; to entrust to; to rely on
older brother; elder brother
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
younger brother; little brother; brother-in-law (spouse's younger brother or younger sister's husband); (arch.) pupil; (arch.) apprentice
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
quarrel; dispute; argument
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
settlement; solution; resolution
now; the present time; just now; another; more
royal capital; imperial capital
entrance; admission; entering