spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
long time; long interval; for quite some time
trouble; hardship; difficulty; anxiety; worry; concern
debt; loan; liabilities; borrowing money
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to return (something); to restore; to turn over; to turn upside down; to pay back; to retaliate; to respond (with)
end; finish; bounds; limits; delivery date (of a futures contract); finale (of a noh song); end of an act (in jōruri or kabuki)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
soft and flaky (pie, potatoes, squash, etc.); fluffy; crumbly; being pleased with oneself; beaming happily; chuckling to oneself
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
shop; small store; business; firm
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
public square; square; plaza; open space; clearing
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
institution; establishment; facility; home (for elderly, orphans, etc.)
fullness; completion; enhancement; improvement; replenishment; repletion
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
antiquity; the previous era
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
birth; birthplace; born in (country, month, imperial era, zodiac year, etc.)
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
than; from; out of; except; but; more
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
junior high school; middle school; lower secondary school
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that