this occasion; at this time; now
to write; to compose; to pen; to draw; to paint
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
work (e.g. book, film, painting, composition); piece; production; opus
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
novel; story; (work of) fiction
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
near; close; close (in time); soon; close (relationship); friendly
to prove successful; to take hold; to amount to something
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
literary style; form of (written) language (e.g. classical, modern)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to talk about; to speak of; to recite; to chant; to indicate; to show
tone (of voice); manner of talking
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
subjectivity; subject (philosophical); ego; one's personal opinion; one's own idea
by means of; due to; because of; according to
point of view; viewpoint; angle; visual point (position of the eye in calculations of optical instruments)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
case; occasion; situation; circumstances
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
opinion; view; comment; scolding; reprimand; rebuke
to not match well (e.g. at the seams); to not mesh properly (of gears); to differ (e.g. of opinions); to clash; to be in conflict (e.g. with the facts)
(for something) to have occurred; to have done (something); (for something) to happen on occasion
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
beforehand; in advance; ahead of time; previously
acknowledgement; acknowledgment; understanding; approval; consent