indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
god of war; (fig.) war hero
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
incense variety used in kōdō (orig. from Thailand)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
in that way; thus; so; so?
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
have no choice; there is nothing but; no more than
to clasp; to grasp; to hold (the answer); to have (e.g. the solution); to seize (power); to hold (the reins)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)