dukedom; duchy; principality
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to live (on, by, etc.); to lead a life; to make a living; to earn a livelihood; to spend one's time (doing); to pass one's days (doing)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
(your) daughter; young woman; daughter of a good family
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
grandfather; old man; kyogen mask used for the role of an old man
charge; cost; generation; age; era; a representative of; on behalf of
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
famine; crop failure; chronic shortage (e.g. of water)
by means of; due to; because of; according to
household economy; family finances
always; constantly; at all times; habitually
fiery chariot (that carries the souls of sinners into hell); desperate financial situation; dire straits
state; condition; situation; appearance; circumstances
... years old; age (of) ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
debut; doing something for the first time; starting anew; starting afresh
side job (outside of one's main employment); side gig; homeworking; simple job carried out at home; (secretly) working on something unrelated to the class (or conference, etc.) one is attending
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
light; bright; bright (colour); cheerful; bright; bright (future, prospects, etc.); rosy
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
character (of a person); personality; disposition; characteristics; nature (of a thing, event, etc.)
because; as; since; because of that; therefore; accordingly
pessimism; (taking a) gloomy view; discouragement; despondency; despair; disappointment
steady; sound; stable; safe (e.g. business); reliable; trustworthy
life; living; livelihood; (one's) living
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
one day; (on) a certain day
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
official; governmental; public (use, matter, forum, etc.); common; being public knowledge; being out in the open
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
messenger; envoy; emissary