you (people); gentlemen; ladies and gentlemen; my friends
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
than; from; out of; except; but; more
practical; pragmatic; hands-on; nuts and bolts
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
new leaves; fresh verdure
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
warm; mild; warm (of a colour); mellow; having enough money
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
one day; all day (long); throughout the day; first day of the month
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
grateful; thankful; welcome; appreciated; evoking gratitude
story; tale; talk; discussion
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to continue; to last; to continue (without a break); to be unbroken; to occur again and again; to lead to; to connect to
honorific/polite/humble prefix
celebrated personage; big-wig; person in a high position
in all ages; over the ages; forever and ever
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
the other day; a few days ago
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
graduation; completion (of a course); moving on (from); outgrowing (something); leaving (a group, company, etc.)
to accomplish; to achieve; to carry out; to do ... completely; to do ... entirely
association; socializing; socialising; fellowship
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
company; lot; bunch; troupe; company (of musicians)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to recognise; to recognize; to know by sight; to become acquainted with
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
when it comes to ...; where ... is concerned; if it's the case that ...; if it turns out that ...; if it's true that ...
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to