to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to forget; to leave carelessly; to be forgetful of; to forget about; to forget (an article)
memories; recollections; reminiscence
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
eleven; 11; jack (playing card); Hodgson's hawk-cuckoo (Cuculus fugax); Horsfield's hawk cuckoo
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
rain; rainy day; rainy weather; the November suit (in hanafuda)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
errand; mission; messenger; bearer; familiar spirit
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to discover; to find (e.g. an error in a book); to locate; to find (e.g. something missing); to be used to seeing; to be familiar with
how; in what way; why; for what reason; cannot possibly; no way
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to shiver; to shake; to quake; to tremble; to quaver; to quiver
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
whole (body); full-length (e.g. portrait); systemic
covered in mud; mud-caked
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to weaken; to grow weak; to be downcast; to be dejected; to be troubled; to be at a loss
to cut; to cut through; to sever (connections, ties); to turn off (e.g. the light); to terminate (e.g. a conversation); to hang up (the phone); to punch (a ticket)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
dog (Canis (lupus) familiaris); squealer; rat; loser; asshole; counterfeit
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to bring (someone) back home; to take (someone) back home
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
to pick up; to find; to gather
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
to get angry; to get mad; to tell someone off; to scold; to be angular; to be square
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine