minute; fine; delicate; accurate; precise; elaborate
pattern; figure; state; condition; conjecture of the current situation; the way it seems; model
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
decorative ceiling painting
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
feeling; sensation; emotion; interjection
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
carving; engraving; sculpture
pillar; post; support; prop; counter for buddhas, gods, nobles, etc.
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
size; large and small (sizes); various sizes; daishō (matched pair of long and short swords); large and small drums; long months and short months; sic bo (Macao dice game)
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
elegant; refined; polished; high-quality goods; first-class article
showy; brilliant; gorgeous; florid; gay
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to bring; to take; to bring about
banquet or reception hall
to collect; to assemble; to gather
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to concentrate; to devote; to apply; to strain; to rack
to wear; to be dressed in; to be adorned in; to clad oneself with
wife; Mrs; (arch.) wife of a nobleman (aristocrat, etc.); (arch.) consort of the emperor
(your) daughter; young woman
topic; subject; much talked about; topical; in the news
lightly rolling (of a small and round thing); pleasant, high-pitched sound (e.g. bell, young woman's laughter); changing frequently (e.g. conversation, plans); (occurring) in rapid succession (e.g. sumo wrestlers being defeated); roly-poly; chirp chirp (sound of insects); ribbit ribbit (sound of frogs)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
while; during; while; although; all; both
light; easy; non-serious; minor
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
man; male; masculine gender
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as