horse; horse racing; promoted bishop; knight (court card in mekuri karuta and unsun karuta)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
sound; noise; (musical) note; fame
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to fix; to settle; to standardize; constant; definite; uniform
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stream; to flow (liquid, time, etc.); to be washed away; to be carried; to drift; to float (e.g. clouds); to sweep (e.g. rumour, fire)
scenery; scene; landscape
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
energy; vigour; vigor; liveliness; spirit; life
to be full of (e.g. adventure, youth, energy); to be overflowing with
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
royal castle; imperial castle
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able to do; to be possible; to be good at; to do well; to come into existence; to form; to be made
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
curious; strange; unusual
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to feel; to sense; to be moved (by); to be touched (by); to become infected with (an illness); to catch
people; men and women; each person; everybody
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
abundant; plentiful; rich; wealthy; open (mind); relaxed
-ness; indicates assertion; come (on); come now; er; um; indicates scrutiny, critique or mistrust
symbol (of something abstract); emblem; (symbolic) representation
it seems that ...; it appears that ...; is like ...; is similar to ...
border (between countries); national border
to face; to go towards; to head towards
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
anxiety; uneasiness; worry; apprehension; fear; insecurity
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
to hold in one's arms; to carry in one's arms; to have (problems, debts, etc.); to take on (a responsibility); to employ; to have (on one's staff)
while; during; while; although; all; both
to look at; to gaze at; to look out over; to get a view of; to look on (from the sidelines); to stand by and watch
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")