indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
surrender of a castle; surrender of a fortress; capitulation of a stronghold
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
declaration; proclamation; announcement
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
king's younger brother; royal brother
(time of) one's childhood; when one was a child
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
genius; prodigy; natural gift
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
famous; noted; renowned; celebrated; well-known
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
prime minister; premier; chancellor
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
aid; help; assistance; assistant; counselor; counsellor
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
base; basis; bedrock; platform
to harden; to freeze; to put together; to collect; to make secure; to stabilize; to fortify
war; battle; match; game; competition
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to obey (an order, law, etc.); to abide by (a rule, custom, etc.); to follow (a person); to accompany; to go alongside (e.g. a river); to follow (e.g. a sign)
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
post; official position; managerial position; executive position
to bury (e.g. in the ground); to fill up (e.g. audience fills a hall); to cause to be packed; to plug (a gap); to stop (a gap); to make up for (a loss, shortage, etc.); to make amends
to go; to move (towards); to move through; to travel across; to go (well, badly, etc.); to proceed; to do (in a particular way)
each place; every place; various places; all parts (of the country, world, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
reform; reformation; reorganization
in order; in turn; one by one