at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
first of all; to begin with; probably; most likely; more or less (satisfactory); on the whole
the front; honesty; uprightness; decency; normality
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
link; connection; filler; stopgap (job, budget, etc.); thickener (e.g. in cooking); thickening; hedging
appearance; (outward) looks; exterior appearance
(a) little; somewhat; somehow
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
uncool; unsophisticated; unfashionable; out of fashion; tacky
plain; simple; reserved (behaviour, attitude, etc.); modest; quite; a (little) bit
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
retort; back talk; backchat
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
rag; scrap; fault (esp. in a pretense, pretence); defect; run-down; shabby
more or less; though not quite satisfactorily; tentatively; for the time being; just in case; once
underwear; undergarment; underclothes; lingerie
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
objection; refutation; rebuttal; counterargument
to gulp down; to swallow deeply; to understand; to take in; to engulf; to swallow up
stomach; Chinese "stomach" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
digestion (of food); digestion (of information); assimilation; consumption; absorption; (arch.) losing one's form and turning into something else
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
and then; in addition to that; also; even so
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to throw into; to toss into
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
eagle (Accipitridae family)
attendant; person who looks after one's needs; caretaker
ferocious; brutal; atrocious; savage; barbarous