indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to feel; to sense; to experience
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to become old enough to understand what's going on around oneself (of a child, etc.); to reach the age of discretion
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to ask; to enquire; to query
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
uncomfortable feeling; feeling out of place; sense of discomfort; malaise; physical unease
true character; true form; true colors (colours); consciousness; one's senses
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
ago; since; before; previous
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
skillful; skilful; delicious; appetizing; fortunate; splendid
to be able (to); to be possible (to)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
(one's) older brother; lad; sonny
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to talk; to speak; to tell; to explain; to speak (a language)
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import
understanding; comprehension; appreciation; sympathy
brief remark; few words; one side (e.g. of an argument); ex-parte statement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
surroundings; environs; circumference
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
to play (games, sports); to enjoy oneself; to mess about (with alcohol, gambling, philandery, etc.); to be idle; to do nothing; to meet up (with friends); to hang out