indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr; Mrs; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beautiful woman; (a) beauty; belle; good-looker
relatives; one's family; friends; members of the same organization; followers; henchmen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
to give a glance (at); to take one look at
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
gentlemen; men; the men's (sign on toilet, bathroom, etc. doors)
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
marriage proposal; courtship
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
incessantly; continuously; continually; unceasingly; without a break
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
general; popular; common; typical
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be transparent; to show through
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
white; blank (e.g. paper); uncolored; innocent; not guilty; (arch.) bright
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
graceful; willowy; lissome; soft and tender
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
above; over; top; summit; surface; on (top of); the above (in a piece of writing)
enshrinement (of a deity); residing (in a shrine or sacred place); sitting prominently (in a place); being plunked down; being planted (in a spot)
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
arrangement (of resources); deployment; stationing; posting; disposition; configuration
pupil (of the eye); one's eyes
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to border; to fringe; to hem; to edge