indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
elder sister; effeminate man
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
beautiful woman; (a) beauty
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
relatives; one's family; friends; members of the same organization; followers; henchmen
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to give a glance (at); to take one look at
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
gentlemen; men; the men's (sign on toilet, bathroom, etc. doors)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
marriage proposal; courtship
letter; missive; note; mail
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
incessantly; continuously; continually; unceasingly; without a break
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to deliver; to forward; to send; to report; to notify; to file notice (to the authorities)
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
general; popular; common; typical
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to be transparent; to show through
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
skin; body (in the context of intimate bodily contact); surface; grain (e.g. of wood); disposition; temperament
body; torso; trunk; build; physique; health
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
arrangement (of resources); deployment; stationing; posting; disposition; configuration
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to border; to fringe; to hem; to edge