indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
just like that; in the twinkling of an eye; in the blink of an eye; (lit.) in the time it takes to say "ah!"
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
enjoyment; pleasure; diversion; anticipation; looking forward to
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to wake up; to awake; to awaken to (instinct, ability, perception, etc.); to become aware of; to come to one's senses
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
not less than; ... and over; beyond (e.g. one's expectations); above; above-mentioned; aforementioned
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
there is no need to ...; never happens; there is never a time when
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
ago; since; before; previous
avenue; street; coming and going; street traffic; flow (of water, air, etc.); transmission (of sound); reach (e.g. of voice)
to be hesitant; to feel timid
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to be assiduous in one's business
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
fear; horror; anxiety; concern; uneasiness; reverence
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
it does not mean that ...; I don't mean that ...; it is not the case that...
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)