indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
low (rank, degree, value, content, quality, etc.); low (position); close to the ground; short (height); deep (voice); in a low key
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
wealthy; rich; affluent; well-off
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to put in; to let in; to admit; to accept; to accept; to comply; to include
(giving) birth; childbirth; native of; product of; assets; property
for; for the sake of; to one's advantage; because of; as a result of
amount sold; sales; proceeds; takings; turnover
dramatic decrease; sharp drop; sudden fall
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
people; men and women; each person; everybody
correspondence (to); equivalence; suitability; coordination; dealing with; coping with
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
big; large; loud; extensive; spacious; important
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
large quantity; massive (quantity); mass (e.g. mass production, mass transit, mass destruction)
returned goods; returning purchased goods
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
shop; store; somebody who sells (something) or works as (something); somebody with a (certain) personality trait; house; roof
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
property; fortune; means; assets
selling off; disposal by sale; sale
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to keep within limits (e.g. spending); to restrain (e.g. emotions); to control; to hold back (e.g. an enemy); to check; to curb