indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
town; block; downtown; main street; street; road
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to pass (of time); to elapse
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
adds force or indicates command
royal capital; imperial capital
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
(horse-drawn) cart; wagon; dray
outskirts; environs (of a city); surrounding area; surroundings
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to say; to be called; to do
gate; branch of learning based on the teachings of a single master; division; phylum; counter for cannons
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
distant view; looking from a distance; good long distance vision; farsightedness
movement; move; motion; trend; development; change
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
danger; peril; hazard; risk
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
finally; at last; barely; narrowly; gradually; little by little
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
after having come this far; now that we've come this far
first of all; at once; right away; for now; for the time being
feeling of relief (for the time being); peace of mind (for now)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
plate; dish; serving; helping; kanji radical 108 (at the bottom)