southern part; the south (of a region)
to cause; to induce; to bring about; to pull upright; to help up (e.g. a fallen person)
Japanese spirea (Spiraea Japonica); meadowsweet; Shimotsuke (former province located in present-day Tochigi Prefecture)
Utsunomiya (city in Tochigi)
license with a red seal (licence); shogunate license to trade (licence)
publication; issue (of journal, newspaper, etc.); issue (of banknotes, bonds, passport, etc.); raising an event (software)
Hitachi (former province located in the major part of present-day Ibaraki Prefecture)
next; secondly; subsequently
Mutsu (former province located in present-day Fukushima, Miyagi, Iwate, and Aomori prefectures)
northern part; the north (of a region)
ground; crust (earth); foundation (building, etc.); base; constituency; power base
counter for houses, households, apartments, etc.
insurrection; mutiny; rebellion; revolt; uprising
rear vassal; daimyo's retainer
complicated and mysterious
to put the scalpel to; to perform an operation on; to take drastic measures to get to the bottom of something; to make a searching inquiry; to put something under the microscope
Tsugaru (Western region of Aomori Prefecture)
mountain stream; valley; dale; wetlands; swamp; marsh
kudzu (Pueraria montana); Japanese arrowroot; Chinese moonseed (Sinomenium acutum)
uprising (esp. in Japan since middle ages, e.g. peasant uprising); revolt; insurrection; putsch; riot
unqualified; without qualifications
presentation (of documents); submission (of an application, report, etc.); production (e.g. of evidence); introduction (e.g. of a bill); filing; turning in
Dewa (former province located in present-day Yamagata and Akita prefectures)
group; bunch; crowd; group
reduction; decrease; subtraction; (arch.) reduction of penalty (under the ritsuryo codes)
sum; harmony; peace; Japan; Japanese-style
as; because; with; due to
Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands); Edo-period realm of the Ainu (as opposed to the Japanese) comprising most of Hokkaido
to let (someone) play; to keep (someone) amused; to leave idle; to not make use of; to do; to do
to make a name for oneself; to achieve success
to be conceivable that; to be thinkable that
to come back; to bloom a second time
Emishi; historical term for non-Yamato peoples in northern Japan; Yezo (northern part of Meiji-era Japan, esp. Hokkaido, but also Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands)
Hokkaido (island, prefectural-level administrative unit)
Karafuto (Japanese name for Sakhalin)
to well (up); to gush forth (of water); to appear (esp. suddenly) (sweat, tears, etc.); to feel emotions from (joy, bravery, etc.); to hatch (esp. of parasitic insects, etc.)
in spite of; nevertheless; although; despite; no matter the; regardless of
princess; daughter of a nobleman
to be on the verge; to be on the brink; to get close