indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
accessories used for bathing; garment used while bathing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; known as; so to speak
that is to say; that is; in short; in brief; clogging; obstruction; shrinkage
to sleep (lying down); to go to bed; to lie in bed; to lie down; to sleep (with someone, i.e. have intercourse); to lie flat (e.g. of hair); to lie idle (of funds, stock, etc.)
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament
offer; tender; providing; sponsoring (a TV program)
preparation; arrangements
myself; yourself; I; me; you
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
guest; visitor; customer; client; counter for containers used to entertain guests
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
it is not (like that) either
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to supply (goods, money, etc.); to cover (costs); to pay; to give board; to provide meals
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
that night; that evening; over the course of the evening
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
fast; quick; early (in the day, etc.); premature; (too) soon; not yet
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen