indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
party; group; troop; one act; one action; one deed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to aim at (for, to do, to become); to try for; to have an eye on; to go toward; to head for
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
early; a little earlier than usual; a little faster than usual; slightly quicker
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
highway (esp. one existing from the Edo period); main road; highway (e.g. to success); path (to becoming ...); subdistrict (in China)
railway station; train station; staging post on a highway (in pre-modern Japan); counter for railway stations and bus stations
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
particularly; especially; in particular; expressly
something; some; somehow; for some reason; (is there) something (you want, etc.)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
no problem; all right; not an issue; unobjectionable
to arrive at; to reach; to sit on; to sit at (e.g. the table)
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
diligent; earnest; attentive to detail; brisk (working, moving); frequent (e.g. checking)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
to lay in stock; to replenish stock; to procure; to learn; to find out; to take in
plans; arrangement; schedule; program; programme; expectation
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question