early on; earlier on; from early
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
twice; again; second time
village headman; village mayor
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
house; home; one's house; one's home; one's husband
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to mix; to combine; to exchange (words, fire, etc.); to cross (e.g. swords); to join together
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
discussion; talk; tête-à-tête; conference
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to build up; to establish; to form; to become (a state); to accomplish; to achieve; to change into
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be decided; to be settled; to be unchanging; to be the same (as always); to be a fixed rule; to be destined; to be well executed (of a manoeuvre in a sport, game, etc.)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
even; (if) only; just; besides; on top of that
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
relation; relationship; participation; involvement; influence; effect
each place; various places
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
adjustment; regulation; coordination; reconciliation; tuning; fixing
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
curtain; bunting; act (in play)
hardly any; almost nonexistent; very little
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning