that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very; considerably; by no means; not readily; middle; half-way point
to go to bed; to go to sleep; to fall asleep; to be laid up (with a cold); to be ill in bed
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
moreover; furthermore; nevertheless; and yet
your Highness; his Highness; her Highness
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
common people; ordinary people; masses
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
impossible; unlikely; improbable
state of affairs (around you); situation; circumstances
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
great; excellent; very troublesome; awful; tiring; tough
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
honest; frank; candid; honestly; frankly
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
all one's power (strength, energy, efforts); one's utmost
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
denial; negation; negation (logic); NOT operation
to often be the case; to occur frequently; to be common; to be popular
office worker; company employee; company man; salaryman (stereotypical Japanese office worker)
to be born and raised (in); to be born and brought up; to be born and bred
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
far; distant; distant (past); remote (in time); distant (relationship or kinship); having little to do (with someone); far (from something else in quality, degree, etc.)
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed