indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
salon; saloon; sarong; saron (instrument)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
sweetly (smiling); broadly (grinning)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
guest; visitor; customer; client; shopper
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to see someone off (at a station, an airport, etc.); to escort (e.g. home); to follow something with one's eyes until it is out of sight; to let pass; to pass up (an opportunity etc.); to shelve (a plan, deliberation on a bill, etc.); to postpone
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number one; first; best; most; game; round
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
United Kingdom; Britain; Great Britain
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
tsubo; traditional unit of land area, approx. 3.31 square meters; tsubo; traditional unit of fabric or paper area, approx. 9.18 square centimeters; tsubo; traditional unit of leather or tile area, approx. 918 square centimeters
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
don't you think?; indicates question
tender; kind; gentle; graceful; affectionate; amiable
stimulus; impetus; incentive; encouragement; motivation; provocation
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes