today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
around the world; throughout the world
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryō system)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to compete ruthlessly; (lit.) to sharpen swords
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
remora (any fish of family Echeneidae); suckerfish; live sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates); person who attaches themself to someone else for personal gain; hanger-on
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; indicates an embedded question; indicates an indirect question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
information; news; information (data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.); informatics (as a subject)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to gather up; to scrape up together; to rake
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to erase; to rub out; to turn off (a light, TV, heater, etc.); to switch off; to extinguish (a fire, candle, etc.); to put out; to remove (a smell, pain, etc.)
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
territory; domain; dominion; possession
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
colouring; coloring; shade (of colour); flavour; nuance; feel
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
daily; everyday; days (e.g. of one's youth); every day; day after day
restless; fidgety; in a hurry
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
white; unseasoned; undyed; very much; precisely; playing dumb
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
why; how; for what reason
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so