today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
around the world; throughout the world
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
fellow; mutual; companion; comrade
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to compete ruthlessly; (lit.) to sharpen swords
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
remora; suckerfish; sharksucker (any fish of family Echeneidae); live sharksucker (Echeneis naucrates)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to gather up; to scrape up together; to rake
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
name; given name; title; fame; renown; pretext
to erase; to delete; to turn off (power); to switch off; to extinguish; to put out
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
dominion; territory; possession
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
colouring; coloring; shade (of colour); flavour; nuance; feel
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
every day; daily; day after day; days (e.g. good old days)
restless; fidgety; in a hurry
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
those (near the second person)
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
continent; continental Asia (esp. mainland China); continental Europe
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
white; unseasoned; undyed; very much; precisely; playing dumb
calm; quiet; gentle; moderate; reasonable; amicable
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so