classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to make merry; to be festive
air; atmosphere; mood; situation; someone with no presence; someone who doesn't stand out at all
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to drift; to float; to waft (e.g. a scent); to hang in the air; to be in the air (e.g. a feeling or mood); to wander; to walk around aimlessly
senior high school; high school
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
from now on; after this; in the future; from here; from this point
entering a higher-level school, esp. going on to university
student (esp. a university student)
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
how long; how much; to what extent
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
to branch; to fork; to separate; to split; to disperse; to scatter
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
living; life (one's daily existence); livelihood
end; conclusion; last; final; no sooner than; once
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
summer term (e.g. school); summer period
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to pile up; to heap up; to stack up; to repeat many times over; to go through repeatedly; to accumulate
naturally; not surprisingly; it should be appreciated that; understandably; as a matter of course; as is obvious
promise; agreement; convention; rule; destiny; fate
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
study; diligence; discount; reduction
club activities; extracurricular activities