oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
commonplace (of people or animals); ordinary; typical; ubiquitous; run-of-the-mill; found around every corner
normal; ordinary; normally; ordinarily; local train; train that stops at every station
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
female high-school student
longish; moderately long; somewhat long; fairly long
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to rock; to shake; to swing
cheerful; lively; lighthearted
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to laugh; to smile; to sneer; to ridicule; to be dumbfounded; to be flabbergasted
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; numerous; large amount of; large quantity of; frequent; common
satisfaction; pride; one's strong point; one's forte; regular customer; regular client
(school) subject; curriculum; course; item; heading; entry
modern Japanese (esp. as a school subject)
results; record; grades; marks
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
such ... as; or some such
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
don't you think?; indicates question
club activities; extracurricular activities
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
committee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
unrequited love; one-sided love
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
single-mother household; fatherless family
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to be raised (e.g. child); to be brought up; to grow (up)