indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the past; bygone days; one's past (that one would prefer remained secret); past (tense); preterit; previous life
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
day; days; sun; sunshine; (the) day; daytime; date
to dream (i.e. while asleep); to have a dream; to dream (of the future); to have a fleeting experience
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
war; fighting; fierce competition
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
residence; estate; grounds; premises; mansion
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to overlook; to command a view of; to look down on; to despise; to look down on
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
plural; multiple; several
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
upper half of the body; upper body
clothes (esp. Western clothes); counter for doses of medicine, gulps of tea, drags of a cigarette, etc.
to take off (clothes, shoes, etc.); to undress
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
point; tip; head (of a line); front; first; before; (the way) ahead
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
tree form; tree shape; shape of a tree
to put in order; to arrange; to get ready; to prepare; to work out (e.g. business deal); to arrange (e.g. marriage)
good feeling; feeling good
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
posture; pose; position; attitude; approach; stance
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial