furnished with; including; attached to; impression; appearance; luck; sociality
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
the present; present time; as of; present tense; this world; this life
rolling (ship, etc.); rolling (start, plan, etc.); illegal street racing
(your) daughter; young woman
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
room; chamber; apartment; flat; stable
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
custom; convention; tradition; mores; conventional practice
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
Your Majesty; His Majesty; Her Majesty
tea (usu. green); tea break (at work); tea ceremony
companion; partner; other party; addressee; opponent (sports, etc.)
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
often; again and again; over and over again; repeatedly; frequently
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
lesson; class work; teaching; instruction
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
be supposed or expected to (do); be sure to (do); ought to (do)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
door handle; doorknob; door knob; knob or handle which operates the door catch
to turn; to revolve; to visit several places; to function well; to pass a certain time
to make a sound; to give off a sound; to hear a sound