indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
pedestrian crossing light
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to walk about; to walk around; to walk to and fro; to pace around; to wander
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
business results; business performance
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
reprimand; rebuke; reproach; scolding
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
disagreeableness; unpleasantness; nastiness; cutting remark; disagreeable remark; snide comment
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
company; corporation; workplace
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
gait; walk; stride; trace (e.g. of route taken by hunted criminal); track; trail
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
lying face down; upside down; prone
degree; extent; (health) condition; state of health; adjustment; moderation; addition and subtraction
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
ear; hearing; edge; crust; selvedge (non-fray machined edge of fabrics); selvage
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
with a whiff; with a puff; suddenly; abruptly; without warning