indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
pedestrian crossing light
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
red; crimson; red-containing colour (e.g. brown, pink, orange); Red (i.e. communist); red light (traffic); red ink (i.e. in finance or proof-reading); (in) the red
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; lower radical of a kanji; means of transportation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
pole; rod; line; dash; spoken monotonously
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to walk about; to walk around; to walk to and fro; to pace around; to wander
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
business results; business performance
feeling refreshed; feeling relieved; neat; tidy; frank; open-hearted; completely
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
(one's) superior; (one's) boss; the higher-ups
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
reprimand; rebuke; reproach; scolding
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
disagreeableness; unpleasantness; nastiness; cutting remark; disagreeable remark; snide comment
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
company; corporation; firm; one's workplace
to return; to come home; to leave (of a guest, customer, etc.); to get home; to get to home plate
gait; walk; stride; trace (e.g. of route taken by hunted criminal); track; trail
heavy; weighty; heavy (feeling); depressed; slow; sluggish; important (position, responsibility, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
you said; he said; even if; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
facing downward; lying face down; upside down; prone
degree; extent; (health) condition; state of health; adjustment; moderation; addition and subtraction
to sigh; to breathe a sigh
ear; hearing; ear (for music, etc.); edge; crust; ear (of a pot, jug, etc.)
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
to be heard; to be audible; to sound (like); to come across (as); to be well known; to be famous
with a whiff; with a puff; suddenly; abruptly; without warning