indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
online dating app; match-making app
lunch break; noon recess; noon rest period
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
procurement; purchase; buying; school store; co-op; school canteen
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
bread; (sweet) pastry; staff of life; one's bread
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to eat; to live on (e.g. a salary); to live off; to subsist on
(in) the middle of; (in) the midst of; (in) the course of; (at) the height of
before one's eyes; in front of one; under one's nose; immediate; imminent; around the corner
to sit; to squat; to assume (a position); to hold steady; to hold still
shallow playboy; frivolous lad; good-time Charlie
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
language; dialect; word; phrase; speech; (manner of) speaking
to incline one's head to the side (in doubt); to tilt one's head to the side (in confusion); to be puzzled
you; presence (of a god, nobleman, etc.)
now; the present time; just now; another; more
inside one's heart; in one's mind
cruel; heartless; violent; intense; very bad; terrible
treatment; service; handling (of a machine, tool, etc.); operation; treating as; treating like
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
flashy; gaudy; wrapped in cheap flattery
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
quick on the uptake; quick to catch on; perceptive; intuitive
flurry of snow in a clear sky; winter wind which brings scattered snowflakes or raindrops; skin eruptions cause by a cold or fever
to read (somebody's) thoughts; to guess what (someone) is thinking
(stare or glare with) scornful eyes; reproachful eyes; disgusted eyes
to turn towards; to point
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be delighted; to be glad; to congratulate; to gratefully accept
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...