indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
royal castle; imperial castle
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
underground; below the ground; world of the dead; the grave; underground (activities, movement, etc.); secret
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
general; universal; ordinary; average; (arch.) the same; (arch.) no different
to know; to be aware (of); to sense; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
single-person cell; solitary cell; solitary confinement cell
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
all kinds of things; various things; large number of people
circumstances; conditions; situation; reasons; state of affairs
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
outward appearance; ostensible; public; official
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
accommodation; taking in; imprisonment; detention; containing (e.g. words in a dictionary); adding
place; location; room; space; sumo tournament
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
father; father (e.g. of a discipline); pioneer (e.g. of field of research); God; Father
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
thick; bulky; massive; heavy
stone; rock; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); (round) game piece
wall; partition; barrier; obstacle; Chinese "Wall" constellation (one of the 28 mansions); wall (of stones)
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
adjacency; contiguity; being adjoined
tedious; boring; dull; to feel bored; to get bored (with); to get tired (of)
daily; everyday; days (e.g. of one's youth); every day; day after day
to spend (time); to pass; to overdo (esp. alcohol consumption); to drink (alcohol); to take care of; to support
pair; the two; both persons; both things
worn-out; ragged; crumbling; dry and crumbly; falling (in drops or clumps); scattering
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
tuft (of hair, threads, etc.); fringe; bunch (of grapes, bananas, etc.); cluster (of flowers); segment (of a tangerine, etc.); section
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
mirror; looking-glass; barrel head; page added at the beginning of a document mentioning its purpose, date, author, etc.; mirror-shaped mochi
myself; yourself; I; me; you
face; visage; look; (facial) expression; honor (honour); face; influence
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to disappear; to vanish; (arch.) to die
to become haggard; to become gaunt; to become emaciated; to become worn out (from illness, worry, etc.)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)