Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
what is called; as it is called; the so-called; so to speak
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
appearance; arrival; make one's appearance
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
around the world; throughout the world
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
report (of news); reporting; news; information; (media) coverage
after that; afterwards; thereafter
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
center; centre; middle; -centered; -centred; -focused
to reach the point that; to come to be that; to turn into
consideration; taking into account
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
control; management (e.g. of a business)
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
discovery; detection; finding
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
public institution; public organization; official body
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
notification; official notice; directive (e.g. from higher to lower levels of the administration); being well versed (in); being proficient (in)
around 40 (years of age, esp. women)
housewife; mistress (of the house); homemaker
to send out; to forward; to show (a person) out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
independence; self-reliance; independence (e.g. of a nation); freedom; separation; isolation