indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
classroom; lecture room; department (in a university); class; lessons; school (for a particular discipline)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
disliking; hating; tendency; smack (of); distinction; discrimination
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at the window; by the window; next to the window
centre; center; middle; capital; seat of government
seat; location (of a gathering, etc.); place; position; post
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
to sit (down); to have a seat; to be seated; to assume (a position); to take on (a duty); to occupy (a post)
bag; satchel; briefcase; basket
from; since; through (e.g. a window, door); via; because; as; from (as in "made from")
slowly; unhurriedly; easily (e.g. in time); well; well (e.g. sleep); comfortably
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
textbook; coursebook; schoolbook
notebook; copy-book; note; noting down; (musical) note; laptop (computer)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take out; to produce; to pick out; to fetch; to retrieve
surroundings; environs; circumference
human being; human; person; character (of a person)
to notice; to realize; to realise; to regain consciousness; to come to (one's senses); to come round
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to hang one's head; to look down; to cast one's eyes downward
while; during; while; although; all; both
circumference; girth; surroundings; neighbourhood; people surrounding oneself; surrounding circumstances
confirmation; verification; validation; review; check; affirmation
outside; exterior; the open (air); other place; somewhere else
thick; bulky; massive; heavy
dark gray; dark grey; donjiki (clerical dress)
one color; one kind; one tendency; being the sole mood, sentiment, focus of attention, etc.
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have ...-ed; to be ...-ed
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
magazine; journal; periodical
something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...
to spread; to extend; to unfold; to open; to scatter about; to spread around
to repeat; to do over again
which (of three or more); well; now; c'mon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
contents; content; substance; matter; detail; import