once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to be on the verge of; to be about to; to be on the point of
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from ... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that ...; trying to ...
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
aspiration; volunteering; desire; application
any more; anymore; any further; any better; any longer
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
like; as; so that; in order that; be sure to; I hope (that)
battle; war; fight (against time, poverty, etc.); struggle (for freedom, survival, etc.); contest; competition
to end; to come to an end; to finish; to complete; to finish doing; to be past its (one's) prime
in that way; thus; so; the same; so?
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
girl (usu. between 7 and 17); young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryō period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; so
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to mow down; to cut down; to slash (horizontally); to make a clean sweep; to sweep away; to brush away
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to stand (up); to rise; to stand (in a position; of a person, tree, building, etc.); to be situated (in, on); to be (in difficulties, the lead, etc.); to put oneself (in a position or situation); to leave (to do something)
battlefield; battleground
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
many; numerous; various; large number of
victory; triumph; win; conquest; success
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); province (of Japan)
to bring (news, knowledge, etc.); to introduce; to bring about; to cause; to produce (e.g. results)