once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
neighbouring country; neighboring country; adjacent country
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to be on the verge of; to be about to; to be on the point of
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
aspiration; volunteering; desire; application
any more; any further; any better; any longer
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
thought; imagination; mind; desire; wish; love
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
in that way; thus; so; so?
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
battlefield; battleground
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
once; one time; temporarily; for a moment; one degree; one tone
defeat; loss; reverse; setback
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
many; numerous; various; large number of
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to bring; to take; to bring about