accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
information; (brief) notice; letting someone know; first report; initial report
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
(raised) footpath between rice fields; ridge between rice fields
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to bloom; to blossom; to become lively (esp. of conversation); to become animated; to experience a golden age
to be disordered; to be disarranged; to be discomposed; to be upset; to lapse into chaos (due to war, etc.)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take (someone) with one; to bring along; to go with; to be accompanied by
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
to make an appearance; to show up
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
to hold between (e.g. one's fingers, chopsticks); to grip (from both sides); to put between; to sandwich between; to catch (e.g. a finger in a door); to trap; to insert (e.g. a break into proceedings)
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
Tuesday; fire (second of the five elements)
pulse; vein; chain (of mountains, etc.); hope; thread (of an argument)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
occupation; calling; livelihood
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
territory (of country, feudal domain, etc.); (arch.) counter for suits of clothing, sets of armor, etc.
one part; one portion; one section; one copy (e.g. of a document)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
so; accordingly; now; then; thereupon; therefore
all; completely; totally; entirely; thoroughly
to be buried; to be covered; to overflow; to be crowded; to be repaid (e.g. debt); to be replenished
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
tunnel; (mining) gallery; level; shaft; pit
entrance; entry; gate; approach; mouth