summer vacation; summer holiday
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
smallness; small item; short month (i.e. having fewer than 31 days); elementary school; smaller (of two things, places, etc. with the same name); inferior; younger (of two people with the same name)
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
senior high school; high school
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
to lie down; to throw oneself down
little girl; maiden; young lady; (arch.) female between 17 and 20 years old (ritsuryo period)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
wide open (of eyes); large and bright (eyes)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
partly open; in half bloom
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
spirit; drive; vigour; ambition; aspiration
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
appearance; shape; form; atmosphere; look; feel
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
(face) mask; (facial) features; looks; mask (e.g. for circuit etching)
bad girl; juvenile delinquent
to approach; to draw near; to get close; to get acquainted with; to get closer to; to get to know
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
perm (hairstyle); permanent wave