class; level; stratum; layer; hierarchy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
breaking through; breakthrough; surmounting; overcoming; exceeding; passing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
slovenly (appearance, work, etc.); sloppy; untidy; weak; feeble; weak-willed
face; visage; look; expression; honor; honour
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
usual; normal; everyday; usually; normally; generally
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
expressly; especially; taking the trouble (to do); intentionally; deliberately
myself; yourself; I; me; you
photograph; photo; picture; moving picture; movie
one face; one surface; the whole surface; one aspect; one side; (on) the other hand; one broad, flat object
to be placed on; to be set on; to be piled on; to appear (in print); to be mentioned; to be recorded
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
company; association; regional Chinese god of the earth (or a village built in its honour); counter for companies, shrines, etc.
quick; swift; nimble; quick (understanding, judgement, etc.); alert; prompt
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to descend (e.g. a mountain); to go down; to alight (e.g. from bus); to get off; to step down; to retire; to be granted
third principle of the Eight Principles of Yong; downward stroke
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to exchange glances; to look at each other; to postpone; to put off; to contrast; to compare
bitter smile; wry smile; forced smile; strained laugh
now; soon; already; yet; further; more