today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
in that way; thus; so; so?
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to ask; to inquire; to blame (someone) for; to accuse of; to care about; to regard as important
sky; the air; weather; far-off place; distant place; state of mind; feeling
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to look up at; to raise one's eyes; to look up to; to admire; to respect
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
mostly; ordinarily; probably; most; almost all; ordinary
kitchen; galley; (Internet) troll
to stand; to rise; to find oneself (e.g. in a difficult position); to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
person living with a family; lodger; housemate; flatmate; roommate
two persons; two people; pair; couple
diligently; assiduously; industriously; beavering away
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
to help; to assist; to aid; to contribute to; to be a factor in
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
pain; anguish; suffering; duhkha (suffering)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
tidying up; clearing up; cleaning up; clearing away; putting in order
trouble; bother; trouble; difficulty; care; attention
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...; did not ...
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to raise one's hand; to surrender; to raise one's hand to someone (as a threat to strike); to become better (at something); to improve; to throw one's hat in the ring
request; commission; entrusting (with a matter); dependence; reliance