indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
courage; bravery; valour; valor; nerve; boldness
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
name; given name; first name
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
demon; devil; evil spirit; -crazed person; -obsessed person; fiend
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
thief; robber; burglar; bandit
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
counter for flat objects (e.g. sheets of paper); (arch.) counter for positions or roles; (arch.) counter for food portions (now only gyōza and soba); counter for ranking level
point (of a story, argument, etc.); point (e.g. in stock exchange movement); percentage point; switch; points; point; site
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
level; standard; level (plane); floor; spirit level; (surveyor's) level
just (e.g. "just wait here"); come now; tolerably; passably; well...; I think...
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
stone; jewel; precious stone; flint (in a lighter); stone (in go); stone (in the bladder, kidney etc.); calculus