stance; attitude; standpoint; stance; posture
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
at; in; to; toward; to; for; because of
polite; courteous; civil; careful; close; thorough
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; indicates a confident conclusion; indicates emotional emphasis; indicates question
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to live (of humans); to reside; to inhabit; to dwell; to abide
to start; to begin; to start up (a business, society, etc.); to open (e.g. a store); to start ...; to begin to ...
(way of) life; lifestyle; living; life circumstances; livelihood; day-to-day life
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
considerably; greatly; a lot
to become familiar with; to get used to; to become accustomed to; to come to fit; to go (well) with; to suit
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
exclusive; attached to; specialist
by myself; in person; by oneself
to burn; to roast; to broil; to heat; to heat up; to make (charcoal, pottery, bricks, etc.); to bake
to reach the point where ...; to come to ...; to come to be that ...; to start to ...; to begin to ...
daytime; during the day; Japan and China; Japanese-Chinese; Sino-Japanese
training for homemaking; training in homemaking arts; domestic training
if; when; and; as well as; with; together with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.)
to call; to name; to call oneself ...; to go by the name of ...; to purport (to be); to profess
housework; domestic chores; family affairs; household matters
to work hard at; to devote oneself to; to be diligent in
indicates the subject of a sentence; indicates possession; but; however; and; used after an introductory remark or explanation; regardless of ...
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen; to come about
at first; initially; in the beginning
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...