indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
protagonist; main character; hero(ine) (of a story); head of household
cherry blossom (colour, color)
weak (constitution); sickly; feeble; in poor health
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
secondary residence; vacation home; villa
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
on the occasion of; circumstances; juncture
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be jealous of; to envy; to begrudge
older sister; elder sister
to oppress; to persecute; to tyrannize
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
continuously in some state (for a long time, distance); throughout; much (better, etc.); by far; far away; long ago
to bear; to stand; to support; to withstand; to be fit for; to be equal to
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to appear; to come in sight; to become visible; to be expressed (e.g. emotions); to become apparent (e.g. trends, effects)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
unusual; rare; new; novel; fine (e.g. gift)
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
character; personality; (fictional) character; letter; character