at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to protect; to guard; to defend; to keep (i.e. a promise); to abide (by the rules); to observe
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
there (place relatively near listener); there (place just mentioned); that place; then (of some incident just spoken of); that (of point just raised); (arch.) you
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
prince; subordinate Kumano shrine
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
wind; breeze; manner; behaviour; cold; influenza
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
contract; compact; agreement
prefix for forming ordinal numbers
light; illumination; ray; happiness; hope; influence
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
reflection; reverberation; reflex; reflexes
manner; demeanour; demeanor; bearing
soft; tender; gentle; mild; informal; light
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
next term; next period; next version; next release
king; queen; monarch; the Crown (as a focus of authority in the UK, etc.); the throne
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
surroundings; environs; circumference
expectation; anticipation; hope; promising; rising; up-and-coming
two persons; two people; pair; couple
earth; soil; the earth (historically, esp. as opposed to the heavens); the ground; low-quality torinoko-gami (containing mud); (period of) refraining from construction in the direction of the god of the earth (in Onmyōdō)
darkness; the dark; bewilderment; despair; hidden place; secrecy
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
certainly; of course; even if; no matter (who, what, when, where, why, how); without even; without so much as; at the (least, earliest, etc.)
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
magic; witchcraft; sorcery; spell
study; research; investigation