indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
mountainous region; mountainous district; hilly district
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
belonging to (a group, organization, etc.); affiliation (with); being attached to; being under the control of
order of chivalry; chivalric order
lonely (place); remote; in the middle of nowhere
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
development; evolution; expansion; spreading out; expansion (of an algebraic expression); development (of a three-dimensional shape)
large country; major nation; great power; province of the highest rank (ritsuryo system)
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
rank; ranking order; hierarchy
first place; first rank; unit's position; Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
the most; the extreme; prime; conspicuous
elite; best; pick; cream of the crop
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
samurai on horseback; (medieval) knight
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
king; ruler; tycoon; magnate; king (of the senior player)
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
outbreak; spring forth; generation (e.g. of power or heat); genesis; ontogeny; development of complex multicellular structures from cell(s) in a simple state
demon; devil; evil spirit; monster; goblin; apparition
subjugation (using military force); suppression; subduing
to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
surroundings; environs; circumference
serious; severe; grave; acute
to affect; to impact; to influence
extermination (esp. pests); expulsion; destruction
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident
service; duty; business; Buddhist religious services
to falter; to flinch (from); to recoil (from); to quail (at)
leader of a delegation (body, party)