indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
memory; recollection; remembrance; storage
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to take back; to regain; to get back; to recover
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
elderly housekeeper; elderly maid; wet nurse; nanny
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
sewing; needlework; embroidery
to teach; to instruct; to tell; to inform; to preach
to receive; to take; to get somebody to do something; to have in one's pocket (a fight, match); to contract (a disease); to catch
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
(another's) daughter; young lady (of pampered upbringing); woman who has never known hardship; naive woman
please; somehow or other; one way or another
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
anxiously; with anxious looks; with anxiety
seeming; giving the appearance of; giving one the feeling of
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
(not) so much; (not) that much
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
burst (e.g. dam, embankment, levee); breach; collapse; washout; rupture
-like; sort of; similar to; resembling
to begin to overflow; to start overflowing; to pour out
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
torrent; rapid stream; violently rushing stream
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
head; hair (on one's head); mind; brains; leader; chief; top
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
pulpy; soppy; sloppy; untidy; in a disarray
to stir; to churn; to rummage around; to throw into confusion; to throw into chaos
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
antiquity; the previous era
to be mixed together; to be blended; to intermingle; to commingle
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
to differ; to vary; to disagree
the world; society; sphere; circle; world-renowned; world-famous
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
consciousness; becoming aware (of); awareness; mano-vijnana (mental consciousness, cognizer of sensory information)