indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
shallow; superficial; slight (wound); light (sleep); short (time); early
violent; furious; extreme; intense; fervent; vehement
breath; breathing; tone; mood
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
how many times; how many degrees (temperature, angle, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to repeat; to do something over again
when; at what time; how soon; normal times; ordinary days
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to disappear; to vanish; to go out (of a fire, light, etc.); to die; to fade (of a feeling, impression, etc.); to vanish (e.g. of hope); to go away (e.g. of a smell, itchiness, sleepiness)
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
right; right-hand side; afore-mentioned (esp. in vertical Japanese writing); foregoing; forgoing
chest; breast; breasts; bosom; heart; lungs; stomach
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to overflow; to brim over; to flood
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
to make a mistake; to be incorrect; to be mistaken
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
email; mail (usu. in compound words); post; message (sent over a chat application); instant message; male
to let fly; to make fly; to skip over; to leave out; to run fast; to drive fast; to spray
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
presentiment; premonition; hunch; to have a premonition; to have a hunch
to show signs of ...; to have the appearance of ...
response (felt in the hands); resistance; reaction; response; effect
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
on the contrary; far from it; if anything; in fact; instead
to reach; to touch; to be delivered; to arrive; to be attentive; to be scrupulous
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style