house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
eldest son (may be the only son); first-born son
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to be born; to come into this world
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
awareness of things around one; ability to understand what is going on around oneself; judgment; judgement; discretion
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
than; from; out of; except; but; more
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
to run (of liquid); to spread; to blur; to blot; to ooze; to well up (of tears, etc.)
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
effort; exertion; endeavour; endeavor; hard work; striving
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
at the same time as; while; as well as (multiple roles)
(present) head of a family
(social) position; status
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
at that time; in those days
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
adult (esp. person 20 years old or over); grownup; becoming an adult; coming of age; growing up (to be a man, woman)
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
like; similar to; as with; in the same way
splendid; fine; praiseworthy; creditable; legal; legitimate
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to throw out one's chest; to be puffed up with pride
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
but (still); and yet; nevertheless; even so; notwithstanding
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
education; schooling; training; culture; cultivation; education
to receive; to get; to catch (e.g. a ball); to be struck by (wind, waves, sunlight, etc.); to sustain (damage); to incur (a loss); to undergo (e.g. surgery)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to serve; to work for; to attend