indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
second-year student; biennial
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
promotion (school, military, etc.)
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
results; record; grades; marks
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
martial arts; military arts; wushu; modern sport derived from traditional Chinese martial arts
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
top; top position; senior management; senior bureaucrat
science; learning; scholarship; arts and sciences; academic pursuits
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
field; sphere; realm; division; branch
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
synthesis; coordination; putting together; comprehensive
first place; first rank; unit's position; Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
no change; no difference; no unusual events; no accidents; no incidents
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
two persons; two people; pair; couple
isolation; being alone; being friendless
change; alteration; difference; distinction; something wrong; abnormality
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only
surroundings; environs; circumference
small quantity; little; little while; short distance
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
entry to school or university; matriculation; enrolment (in university, etc.) (enrollment)
beginning; start; outset; at first; at the beginning; initially
to feel; to sense; to experience